The carbon credit market - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1507 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The carbon credit market in India is all set to rake in more than $120 billion by the end of 2010. According to the World bank[1], one of the biggest intermediaries in carbon credit trading, India along with China could emerge as one of the biggest beneficiaries, accounting for as much as 25 per cent of the total world trade. Emergence of Carbon credit trading and clean development mechanisms (CDM) Since industrialization began almost two centuries ago, man made activities and commercial activities have added significant amounts of green house gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere. According to a report by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[2], the amounts of the following gases have increased significantly between the periods of 1750 2009 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The carbon credit market" essay for you Create order Carbon dioxide (CO2) 31% Nitrous oxide (N2O) 17% Methane (CH4) 151% Other gases such as SF6, Hydro Fluorocarbons(HFC) and Per Fluorocarbons (PFC) These gases allow the penetration of inbound UV and Infra red from the sun but trap the outbound rays reflected from the earths surface therefore resulting in rise in temperature of the earths surface. This leads to a phenomena called as global warming eventually leading to climate change. These GHGs along with a few more have a capability to trap radiations and each of these gases can stay in the atmosphere for a certain period of time. Studies use the terminology GWP[3] to compare between the gases. Carbon dioxide is used as the benchmark so all the gases are measured in Carbon dioxide equivalence (CO2 emissions) The numbers indicate the heat trapping abilities and the time a gas stays for in the atmosphere[4] The Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto protocol was signed in Kyoto, Japan in the year 1997. The protocol required the industrialized countries, also called as Annex 1 countries to reduce their greenhouse gases (namely carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluori de, CFC etc.) by at least 5.2% from their 1990 levels by 2012. The Kyoto protocol facilitates several flexible mechanisms such as emissions trading, and clean development mechanism (CDM) or carbon credit trading for Annex 1 countries to meet their GHG emissions shortcomings by purchasing GHG reduction units from other countries possessing excess of these. The protocol comes as a blessing to the developing countries which can generate additional revenues by adopting green technologies and selling carbon credits to developed countries, say USA which are already stuck with old technologies and need carbon credits in abundance[5]. The preliminary phase of Kyoto protocol started in 2007 and the second phase commenced in 2008. The countries which have voluntary signed this treaty include European Union, Japan and Canada among many others and USA which nearly accounts for one third of GHG emissions is yet to join this treaty. The Kyoto protocol has facilitated three important mech anisms for developed countries to acquire GHG reduction credits and minimize the cost of purchasing certified emission reduction. These are Joint implementation (JI) Clean development mechanism (CDM) International emissions trading (IET) CDM has already been discussed in the paper. Under JI, a developed country with relatively higher cost of GHG reduction would set up its project in another country with a relatively lower cost of implementation and cost of GHG units. CDM PROJECT TYPES Carbon Credits are sold to entities in Annex-I countries, like power utilities, who have emission reduction targets to achieve find it cheaper to buy „offsetting? certificate rather than do a clean-up in their backyard. Type of projects, which are being applied for CDM and which can be of valuable potential, are: Energy efficiency projects[6] Introducing the concept of green building or getting a LEED rating (leadership in energy and environmental design) and acquiring a green building certificate. For example, technopolis building in Kolkata. Carrying out the modernization of existing traditional thermal power plants and switching from carbon intensive fuels to renewable sources of fuel. Transport Switching to hybrid, CNG based and fuel cell vehicles. Switching to better modes of public transport such as metro trains in Delhi Methane recovery Recovering methane from animal waste Utilizing anaerobic digester and obtaining methane Recovery of methane gas from coal mining projects Collecting and utilizing methane gas from coal mining and also from landfills; Capture of biogas; Capture utilization of fugitive gas from gas pipelines; Collecting and utilizing methane from industrial and biogas waste Industrial process changes Any industrial process change resulting in the reduction of any category greenhouse gas emissions Cogeneration Use of waste heat from electric generation, such as exhaust from gas turbines, for industrial purposes or heating (e.g. Distillery-Molasses and bagasse) Agricultural sector Energy efficiency by employing less carbon intensive energy for the use of water pumps for irrigational purposes Using animal waste by obtaining methane for generating energy Any other changes in an agricultural practices resulting in reduction of any category of greenhouse gas emissions. CARBON TRADING IN INDIA MCX (Multi commodities exchange) MCX was the 1st derivatives exchange in India to launch Carbon Credits Contract trading to the country. MCX is the biggest commodity trading platform in India and it commenced trading on Carbon credits on 21st January, 2008. A few other exchanges in the world dealing in the same are Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) and European Climate Exchange (ECX). Launching of carbon credit trading in India would help producers earn remunerative returns from implementing environmentally friendly projects. The markets for trading in carbon credits is roughly estimated to be at $70 billion annually and India is the leading beneficiary arising out of this trade with the possession of 30 million carbon credits and another 140 million in the pipeline already. MCX has already entered into a strategic alliance with the Chicago climate exchange (CCX) in september 2005 to initiate carbon trading in India in a view to realize better price discovery and cover risks associated with buying and selling. The trading unit of carbon credits will contain 200 units (metric tones) of carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide equivalent gases. Trading is being done in the form of carbon future contracts which will be available on the MCX platform with expiry on the 15th of December 2008, December 2009, December 2010, December 2011, December 2012. Demand and supply The future carbon credit trading markets offer numerous oppurtunities for the future financial/industrial/technical projects to adopt eco-friendly techniques and incorporate green techno-logies in their production activities, thereby earning carbon credits which will reward them with a good price. These carbon credits can be earned by the use of Joint implementation (JI) in annex 1 countries or by CDM in Non annex 1 or developing countries. The principal buyers of carbon credits are mainly Annex 1 countries such as European markets Other countries include Japan, Canada, New Zealand, etc. The major sources of supply are Non-Annexure I countries such as India, China, and Brazil. Participants in the carbon credit trade in India Currently green project participants, manufacturing units, brokers, banks and investors involved in futures trading in environment related financial instruments take part in the trade. The ECX, a subsidiary of CCX is the leading exchange in terms of trade Factors that influence the price of carbon credits: Supply-demand mismatch between the credits required by Annex 1 countries and Non Annex 1 (developing countries) Crude oil prices and coal prices bigger economies are heavy consumers of fuel. Therefore if fuel prices go up. The consumption tends to fall and so does the GHG emissions. The CER supplying countries will see a contraction in demand during this phase CO2 emissions European Union Allowances (EUAs) Forex fluctuations Trade during a global financial slowdown The role of India as a major supplier of CER By 2010, india will have as much as USD 100 billion worth of CERs and close to 300 CDM based projects out of 900 total projects with the UNFCCC. In number, these CERs come out to be around 35 million with each CER containing almost 200 metric tones of carbon dioxide equivalent gases. The worth of each of these CER is estimated to be around 15 to 22 euros. India annually produces an average of 28 million CER, the revenues of which could run into over Rs. 2500 crores. Trading carbon credits with MCX In India, currently only bilateral deals and trading through intermediaries are widely prevalent leading to sellers being denied fair prices for their carbon credits. Advantages that the MCX platform offers are: These sellers and intermediaries can help reduce price risks by the use of appropriate hedging instruments; Early participation in selling can help generate liquid cash and therefore help in implementation of projects; Since the trade is exchange backed, the counterparty risk is eliminated; The price discovery mechanism is beneficial for both buyers and sellers; The participants are brought to a single platform so the hassle and cost of locating buyers or sellers in eliminated; and The MCX futures floor gives an immediate reference price. At present, there is no transparency related to prices in the Indian carbon credit market, which has kept sellers at the receiving end with no bargaining power https://info.worldbank.org/etools/bspan/PresentationView.asp?PID=213EID=112 IPCC 2001 reference Global warming potential IPCC 2001a, IPCC 2001b reference https://www.volpe.dot.gov/infosrc/journal/spring99/global.html https://www.carbonexis.com/solutions_services.html

Essay on The Impact of Technology on Education - 1230 Words

The Impact of Technology on Education Technology affects every aspect of our lives. From romance to business, it has shown its presence everywhere. But technology has had a huge impact on education that cannot be denied, and has done nothing but improve the quality and quantity of education. Today, schools are being pressured more and more to improve the technology they use and teach in the classrooms. Parents are placing this pressure on schools so that their students have the skills needed to compete in the real world job market. Students are placing pressure on the schools to improve technology by having more knowledge of current technology than the school’s staff. Teachers in turn are placing emphasis on the schools to†¦show more content†¦This frees up time for teachers to address more serious issues in the classroom and allows students more time to work on their project, instead of having to spend large quantities of time going over their project with the teacher. Also, programs such as PowerPoint and other graphic arts programs allow students to illustrate their literary works and by creating them on the computer, it makes it much simpler for the students to publish their own work on the internet. When it comes to learning how to improve read ing skills, many programs exist, one of the better being Reader Rabbit, which uses games to disguise drill-and-practice routines to help students improve reading ability. All of these are examples of how technology has positively affected Language Arts education. Science education has also been affected however. Computer programs like BioPac, used here on LSSU’s campus, help collect data and analyze it. Experiments that normally would not have been able to be accomplished or ones that would have required great lengths of time can now easily be completed in a matter of minutes. Also, internet resources can help provide ideas for experiments, with instructions on how to complete them often, and also will provide forums for students to exchange and discuss results with each other. In response to students feelings of uneasiness about dissecting real animals andinhumane treatment of test subjects,Show MoreRelatedImpact of Technology on Education1146 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Positive Impact of Technology on Education Technology plays a very important role in the field of education, especially in this 21st century. In fact, computer technology has become easier for teachers to transfer knowledge and for students to obtain it. The use of technology has made the process of teaching and learning more convenient. Talking in a positive sense, the impact of technology on education has been extraordinary. Using Internet and computersRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education802 Words   |  4 Pages The use of technology expanding broadly in different aspects of our lives and technology plays a significant role in modern society. The technology used globally and it impacts our lives daily for instant: government, businesses, schools, workplace, environment, and household. The technological evolution led humanity from the dark ages to enlightenment and agriculture to industrial. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the definition of technology means â€Å"the practical application of knowledgeRe ad MoreImpact Of Technology On Education829 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Technology on Education The way we teach students in the modern classroom has massively changed throughout the years. One major changing factor is the development and use of technology. Before, classrooms were filled with paper, pencils, crayons, and all things needed to be completely hands on with our education. Now, most classrooms have replaced these things with tablets and laptops and smart boards that students get to spend all day staring at. Technology has the potentialRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology In Education1533 Words   |  7 Pagesof constructivism appear on the fringes of education, there is a polarizing argument about what place technology has in schools. Students are coming to school with computers in the form of phones, tablets, or laptops in their pockets and backpacks. Some schools are leading the charge with BYOD (bring your own device) or BYOT (bring your own technology) initiatives. However, there are still districts, schools, and teachers who will not allow technology i nto their classrooms. Many schools and teachersRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Education985 Words   |  4 Pagesthis decade, technology has significant influence in many areas of society especially for improving education, language acquisition, support learning, and it is a great way to access to information. In fact, nowadays students depend on their machine such as computers, laptops, mobile phone to study in the classroom or outside the class. In addition, they use the internet to communicate with teachers and to help them do research for information they need to do homework. Although, technology is a substantialRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Education2762 Words   |  12 Pages Technology advancement has really provided new platforms for various disciplines leading to great improvements in the education process. Furthermore, education has been thoroughly lightened as a result of technology being applied to education. Actually, technology can be thought of as the application the scientific knowledge and approaches for the different purposes and in this case, education approaches like learning and teaching. In almost two decade technological approaches have been done andRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on Education4413 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿The Impact of Technology on Education 16 Introduction Higher education is undergoing a radical shift from localized, teacher-centered, face-to-face courses to student-centered online and hybrid courses offered by global universities. The traditional delivery of education is being supplemented and replaced by digital education models. The proliferation of information on the Web, the proliferation of instructional systems vendors, and the burden on faculty to design hybrid courses threaten theRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education And Education Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pages Education has evolved tremendously over the past centuries. From one room school houses, segregated schools, to public and private schools, forms of education and how we receive it are always changing. In the past decade, technology has become a large part of education and schooling. Views on types of schooling and education are changing rapidly. Videos and articles can be found all over the Internet on basically any subject you can think of. Much of todayâ €™s schooling is done through online classesRead MoreTechnology And Its Impact On Education1134 Words   |  5 Pagesfact that United States of America’s education program is a far stretch from futuristic in most districts; application of technology has undoubtedly showed itself to be a critical factor in most high performing schools. Technology not only improves the learning environment to better fit the student, but also offers previously inaccessible learning material to students. If seen as an investment by the schools for the benefit of the students, private technology assigned to each student would betterRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Education1404 Words   |  6 PagesWith the great advances in technology, one can accomplish many great feats, be it Virtual Reality, a backpack desktop computer and even smart watches. However, technology has influenced many other parts of our world including education. How has technology influenced education? How do the pupils re ceive an education? How does technology play a viable role in this process? I will specifically be focusing on how education in South Africa is affected by technology. Technology has played a valuable role

Van Hoc Anh Free Essays

The Nightingale and the Rose | | The Nightingale and the Rose – Oscar Wilde Note: please take time to read the actual story before reading this analysis. There can be multiple interpretations for any one text and everyone’s opinions differ. This analysis is meant as a guide only. We will write a custom essay sample on Van Hoc Anh or any similar topic only for you Order Now Links to text: on ZYLite online-literature. com A readable but tragic story at first glance, this particular story has deeper themes which mock people in society for being pretentious. A large part of the story is set in the garden with its animals and plants, and that sets the background for the ending. It is useful to take note of first impressions when reading a text. In this case the notable first impression is the concept of sacrificing a life for love. The nightingale went through suffering and sacrificed her life for the sake of love – the concept of true love. This is an allegory to the biblical concept of sacrificial love. The allegory is the first hint, further reading of the story reveals that the language used, parallels that used in the bible. The language is simple and friendly-reading for children, but yet note the nightingale’s description of the lover and love, that she describes his hair and his lips as similar to beautiful plants like roses, and even says â€Å"his lips are sweet as honey†. For those who know, this is familiar language because it is derived from Song of Solomon in the bible. The statement which represents the theme of the story â€Å"†¦ for Love is wiser than Philosophy, though she is wise, and mightier than Power, though he is mighty. This is another statement that alludes to the language of the bible, this time from the book of Proverbs – that philosophy is referred to as â€Å"she†, and power is referred to as â€Å"he† (see below for more detailed references). What does Oscar Wilde want to convey from these hints in form of the story? Take a closer look at the statement – the nightingale claims love to be favoured over philosophy and power, but at t he end Wilde uses symbolism to contradict this very statement. The rose represents love, but it was tragically thrown on the road to be rolled over by cart wheels. Sadly it is people in society who value philosophy and power more than they value love. (the student went back to valuing philosophy over love after his attempt failed, and the professor’s daughter valued power in the shape of the Chamberlain’s nephew) The ending of the story becomes a mockery of how society behaved at that time – that society claims to follow biblical doctrine, but only so on the surface. People in society were hypocritical enough to claim to follow Christian doctrine, but miss the meaning of true love. When practical considerations come in, a lot of people are self-interested and merely use speech to give the appearance that they possess good virtues. One last interesting note.. it is ironic that the student thinks that art has â€Å"no sincerity† and is â€Å"selfish† – but sadly that was how art was perceived in Victorian times. The field of knowledge was seen as a more worthwhile personal pursuit and it was in society’s self-interest to study that to gain renown. How to cite Van Hoc Anh, Papers

Business Management With 3M Serves Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Management With 3M Serves. Answer: Major market and Industry that 3M serves 3M deals in the business of many things but the major market in which it works is the science and technology. This company is known for its innovations that help in manufacture products that are capable of solving problem related to the daily lives of people (Boh, Evaristo and Ouderkirk, 2014). It serves for the industry named Conglomerate and hence deals in the business of many items. It is manufacturing more than 55,000 products which involves personal protective equipment, electronic materials, laminates, passive fire protection, Health care products, passive fire protection, dental and orthodontic products, Car-care products, electronic circuits, optical films, software for health care. This company is producing wide range products that are user friendly and providing solutions to many day to day personal life problems (Garud, Gehman and Kumaraswamy, 2011). With its diversified range of products this company is market leader in the industry and is employing approximately 90000 pe ople. It is operating its business in more than 65 nations. This company believes in manufacturing products as per the demand of the consumers and different markets. With the help of such a large laboratory facilities and with experienced researchers they are easily producing such a wide variety of products. One of the basic ideas of their business is to add technological features in the daily life products so as to make it more users friendly. New product that company has introduced This company is known for making new products as per the demand of the society and market. This company invests a lot for the research purpose which helps in enhancing its product range (3M science applied to life, 2018). Recent innovations in Health Care done by 3M is in the fields of diabetes and plating up food safety. In the diabetes it has invented new medical equipment that helps in monitoring diabetic symptoms. In order to help in making glucose testing easier, they have developed increased microfluidic technology and hydrophilic films that enables multiple fluid test that is to be performed on a single chip rather than being in a full-flagged laboratory. In order to maintain a skin that is healthy or help manage wounds associated with diabetes they have developed a new range of support skin health products which includes the medicine, ointments. All this system helps a person to manage their diabetes check-up from time to time especially before and after the food intake. They have also developed one drop diabetic test for checking the blood sugar level. In their food test that helps in detection of microbial bacteria in the food products. Ready to use Petrifilms helps in detecting of the bacteria like E-coli and listeria to Staph, Yeast, Mold and salmonella. This test reduces the waste by around 66 % and it is utilising 76 % less amount of energy that is currently used for testing of the food (3M science applied to life, 2018). Apart from this 3M has developed new silicon dressing that is managing wounds in a much better was an important innovation in injury prevention programs. It has also developed new kind of blankets which is known as Multi-Position Upper body Warming blanket. References Boh, W.F., Evaristo, R. and Ouderkirk, A., 2014. Balancing breadth and depth of expertise for innovation: A 3M story.Research Policy,43(2), pp.349-366. Garud, R., Gehman, J. and Kumaraswamy, A., 2011. Complexity arrangements for sustained innovation: Lessons from 3M Corporation.Organization Studies,32(6), pp.737-767. 3M science applied to life, 2018. Medical. [Online]. Available at: https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/medical-us/. [Accessed on: 13th February 2018]. 3M science applied to life, 2018. 3M Health care. [Online]. Available at: https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/health-care-us/. [Accessed on: 13th February 2018]

Love In Romeo And Juliet Essay Research free essay sample

Love In Romeo And Juliet Essay, Research Paper Love, with its binding, writhing maze of emotions, frequently has diverse effects on those caught in its appreciation. To the lovers in Shakespeare s Romeo A ; Juliet, love is an overpowering, overmastering emotion to which all else must give. Both of the adolescents felt an immediate jerk at the first sight of one another and urgently acknowledged that nil was to be left in the onslaught of that sweeping tide. Not merely was there love between the lovers in the drama ; there was besides love for contending, love between friends, and love for passionm, and play. Tybalt instigates a battle with Romeo and his work forces, which ultimatley terminals with Tybalts and Mercutios decease. Even though both sides now that they will pay a great monetary value if they do non give in. Romeo, the love I bear thee can afford No better term than this: 1000 are a villan. We will write a custom essay sample on Love In Romeo And Juliet Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even when this is said to Romeo, Romeo answer with something that tries to carry Tybalt to contend. He replys that he would wish to be friends with Tybalt, and that is the motive that restrains his choler. And he turns to go forth and commands Tybalt farewell. Tybalt answer that, there is no alibi for the abuses that he has given him, and he draws his blade, to contend Romeo. Romeo does non pull his blade but answer with, I do protest I neer injured thee, But love thee better than 1000 canst devise Till thou shalt know the ground of my love. And so, good Capulet, which name I tender Equally in a heartfelt way as my ain, be satisfied. Romeo says this because he has married Tybalts cousin Juliet, and he does non desire to contend with his freshly appointed family.s Mercutio feels that Romeo is being a coward and attempts to antagonise Tybalt to the point where he will contend. Tybalt and Mercutio begin to contend. Ignoring Romeo s call that the Prince has banned this combat in Veronas streets, and that they will decease if a battle breaks out. Tybalt so stabs Mercutio who so minutes subsequently dies. Romeo now furious with fury that his cousin is dead he gives in to Tybalts original want to contend, and he kills Tybalt. This incident which ended in two work forces lives was all due to there passion of sword battles, even with the knowing of the princes decree. Love for friends was, and is, a necessity for the characters. Romeo had been in love with Rosalin, who didn # 8217 ; t experience love the same manner that he did. Consequently, Romeo was distraught. He thought no adult female could be every bit menu as Rosaline, and that he would neer run into any other adult female that compared to her. Romeo # 8217 ; s friend, Benvolio, thought otherwise. Benvolio encouraged Romeo to travel to the Capulet # 8217 ; s banquet and accurately predicted that Romeo look upon other misss more beautious than Rosaline. This was highlighted when Benvolio said # 8220 ; Compare her face with one that I show, And I will do thee believe thy swan a crow. # 8221 ; ( 1. 2. 86-87 ) . Benvolio s aid leads to Romeo meeting Juliet which consequence the full result of the drama. Juilet has recieved the potion that shall set her to kip where she shall be presumed dead by those who look upon her. When she is presumptively dead, her loved 1s will set her in a grave where her relations lie peacefully. However she will rouse by her Romeo who will come and deliver her from the grave, where she has been thought to be placed dead. Thus she will hold escaped the matrimony to Paris. Juliet is now in her sleeping room before her nuptials twenty-four hours to Paris chew overing conditions she should imbibe what is inside the bottle or non. Her head impetus and she is able to see all the possibilities that may expect her. Come phial. What if this mixture make non work at all? Shall I be married tomorrow forenoon? # 8230 ; . What if it be a toxicant which the Friar Subtly hath ministered to hold me dead, Lest in this matrimony he should be dishonored Because he married me before to Romeo? I fear it is ; yet methinks it should non, For he hath still been tried a holy adult male. How if, when I am laid into the grave, I wake before the clip that Romeo Come to deliver me ? There s a fearful point! Shall I non, so, be stifled in the vault, To whose disgusting oral cavity no healthsome air breathes in, And there decease strangled ere my Romeo comes? Or, if I live, is it non really like, The atrocious amour propre of decease and dark, Together with the panic of the topographic point, # 8211 ; As in a vault, an ancient receptacle, Where, for these many hundred old ages, the castanetss Of all my buried ascendants are packed: Where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in Earth, Lies maturating in his shroud ; where, as they say, At some hours in the dark spirits resort ; # 8211 ; Alack, alack, is it non like that I, So early waking, what with nauseating odors, And screams like mandrakes # 8217 ; torn out of the Earth, That life persons, hearing them, run mad: # 8211 ; O, if I wake, shall I non be distraught, Environed with all these horrid frights? And frantically play with my sire # 8217 ; s articulations? And tweak the lacerate Tybalt from his shroud? And, in this fury, with some great kinsman # 8217 ; s bone, As with a nine, elan out my despairing encephalons? O, expression! methinks I see my cousin # 8217 ; s shade Seeking out Romeo, that did ptyalize his organic structure Upon a tuck # 8217 ; s point: stay, Tybalt, stay! Romeo, I come! this do I imbibe to thee. ( 4.3. 20-58 ) Juilet has thought about all the hurting and agony that may come from imbibing what is inside the phial. For case that she might wake up befoer her Romeo comes to deliver her from her grave, and that she will decease of suffication. Besides that she might go huffy and leap from her crypt and get down to play with her dead ascendants castanetss. However her love for Romeo takes over the portion of her that does non desire to take the potion. Therefore she drinks what is indoors for she was succombed with the love that she feels for Romeo, no affair what the consiquences she may confront from imbibing the contents. From these lovers, from their every word and suspiration, one understands that, to them, love of each other is everything. In the terminal, they sacrifice all on the communion table of passion even their lives. Both offer up their names as payment for their love: Or, if thou wilt non, be but curse my love, And I ll no longer be a Capulet ( 2.2.35-36 ) and Art thou non Romeo and a Montague? Neither, just amah, if either thee disfavor ( 2.2.60-61 ) . They volitionally abandon the long old ages of hostility that their households cherished at the first declaration of love ; hatred that lasted life-times, swept off in the inundation of adolescent feelings. Juliet decides to abandon her household and the life style she has ever known wittingly doing her loved 1s anguish they need naught to hold suffered to follow her beloved into ostracism: Farewell! God knows when we shall run into once more ( 3.1.14 ) . Romeo, overcome by destiny, even efforts to withstand fate in his heartache over Juliet s evident death: Is it even so? Then I defy you, stars! ( 5.1.24 ) . Finally, both of those immature, beautiful young persons took their ain lives in testimonial to the other. Their love was so deep, so dramatic, that the idea of life without the other merely did non happen. Suicide was of all time a running idea in their heads an consequence of the lunacy love set in their psyche. Both threatened legion times to stop their lives until irrevocably, urgently, the action was put into drama by both Romeo: Here s to my love! O true pharmacist! Thy drugs are speedy. Therefore with a buss I die ( 5.3.119-120 ) and Juliet: Yea, noise? Then I ll be brief. O happy Dagger! This is thy sheath ; there rust, and Let me decease. ( 5.3.167-170 ) . Love, one time so bright, is lost in the darkness. Love subdues all of those who are faced with it. They are taken over by it s grace and power. It had rough effects for those who were faced with it in the drama Romeo and Juliet. Love, was felt non merely by the lovers in the drama but by the witnesss that interacted with the lovers.

Why Some Parents Won’t Vaccinate Their Kids Professor Ramos Blog

Why Some Parents Won’t Vaccinate Their Kids While vaccines have been preventing death and injuries for hundreds of years against diseases like measles, deadly diseases still show up all around the world. The clear answer on why is that some parents either cannot afford to pay for vaccines or simply don’t believe in them. Financial status had affected children not getting vaccinated, not only in the united states but also â€Å"Measles vaccination remains sub-optimal, particularly in Bauchi. Efforts to counter negative perceptions about vaccination and to ensure vaccinations are actually provided free may help to increase vaccination rates. Parents need to be made aware that vaccination should be free, including for children without a birth certificate, and vaccination could be an opportunity for issuing birth certificates. The study provides pointers for state-level planning to increase vaccination rates.†(Cockcroft et al). Measles outbreaks have been recently popping up everywhere around the world, in Madagascar , and places in the United States like Washington, New York, Oakland County, and many more cities and counties. Though some anti-vaccinators approve of the vaccines against measles and other deadly diseases and use them, they still don’t approve on other vaccines and believe they make the patient worse or don’t have an effect at all. There are many variations and inputs on why parents don’t vaccinate, as listed above, but the main reasons why parents don’t vaccinate their kids can fall into these categories, safety concerns, religious beliefs, or personal views and/or ethics (Mckee and Bohannon). Many parents often think that vaccines frequently lead to autism, and some even know its a low percentage, but still, don’t want to jeopardize the risks. However many doctors’ have debunked this rumor, with research and statistics. Religious views, on the other hand, cannot be debunked because people’s faith sometimes doesnt give a clear reas on, and rather just an answer. Personal views and/or views are the category for everything else, meaning they neither come from a persuasive source nor a religious one, or sometimes they are a mix of both but, they surely come from what peoples’ own opinion. Parents claim that science has provided information that links vaccines to autism. However recent studies say otherwise. An online textbook called â€Å"Clinical Infectious Diseases† states that â€Å"Although child vaccination rates remain high, some parental concern persists that vaccines might cause autism. Three specific hypotheses have been proposed: (1) the combination measles-mumps-rubella vaccine causes autism by damaging the intestinal lining, which allows the entrance of encephalopathic proteins; (2) thimerosal, an ethylmercury-containing preservative in some vaccines, is toxic to the central nervous system; and (3) the simultaneous administration of multiple vaccines overwhelms or weakens the immune system. We will discuss the genesis of each of these theories and review the relevant epidemiological evidence.† (Plotkin, Gerber, and Offit) This states that autism doesnt necessarily relate to vaccines and the textbook goes into more detail claiming, and debunki ng the original article that persuaded theyre linked, it critiques the study by saying â€Å"Although no data supporting an association between MMR vaccine and autism existed and a plausible biological mechanism was lacking, several epidemiologic studies were performed to address parental fears created by the publication by Wakefield.† (Plotkin, Gerber, and Offit). The authors explain how it wouldnt make sense to believe that the two are linked in any way possible. Even though clear evidence proves correlation from vaccines to autism, that still remains one of the main reasons today, why parents refuse to vaccinate their children. Religion is a sensitive topic when it comes to whats allowed and whats not, some religious people even feel offended or disgusted when someone of their religion, sins or breaks a rule. Therefore in religion, it becomes tricky when it comes around science because you cannot decide for yourself unless you plan on going against your religion. But in the articles â€Å"Heres Where Major Religions Actually Stand On Vaccines: Almost all U.S. states allow religious exemptions to immunization. But the issue has almost nothing to do with religion.† By Antonia Blumberg, it goes through all the major religions and manages to capture their views on vaccines. It shows that the majority of people who decline vaccines come from Christian orientated homes, like how the Catholic church as a whole opposes vaccines, while Muslim and Jewish homes openly accept vaccines, and actually encourage it. It also states that many Christians still do vaccinate as a whole. (Blumberg). Blumberg also acknowle dges that â€Å"Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist texts and doctrine contain no teachings in opposition to immunization† (Blumberg). Religious-based declines for vaccines cannot be debunked however, because if a religion says its impermissible, then for that religion it is. It is not a science-based question, where we can answer it with research, experiments, and conduct of extreme information. With religion, you always have to respect ones wishes, but to what extent is the question. Personal views usually sprout from the media, of friends and family, but nonetheless, they still are your views, and opinions you’ve gained yourself. Some parents just dont think its right for their child on numerous reasons, while others dont trust the hospital, doctor or even vaccine. There can be many concepts that personal beliefs can fall into, and it can even be linked up with safety concerns or religious beliefs. Its actually stated that â€Å"There is more than one way to understand paren ts views about immunization. Some parents have virtually no information, and when provided with data about harms and benefits, they usually (anecdotally) give permission for their child to be vaccinated. Other parents may have limited information or incorrect information that can be corrected by the physician, and yet others have a great deal of information and a firm philosophical stance that immunization is not what is best for their child. There are also divisions between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners and some physicians about the merits and risks of vaccination.† (Gilmour et al). The article claims the physician should provide the best and more truthful information they can into helping the parent decide, being honest about side effects, risks and debunking false claims. The parent can then decide based on their personal beliefs on whether or not to vaccinate their child. (Gilmour et al). Everyone has a right to chose to vaccinate or not, but what poses a possible threat and an uprising question, is at what extent? Bibliography Stanley Plotkin, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Paul A. Offit; Vaccines and Autism: A Tale of Shifting Hypotheses, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 48, Issue 4, 15 February 2009, Pages 456–461, https://doi.org/10.1086/596476 This article describes the concerns for that parents have in the connection between autism and vaccines. It debunks the main source of credibility that parents who refuse vaccines look to. This article. This article was published by the Infectious disease society of america, who work with scientists and doctors, and therefore are credible. I’m using this article for my report because its useful information on my analysis of why some parents refuse vaccines. Anne Cockcroft ,Muhammad U Usman, O’brian F Nyamucherera,Henry Emori,Bong Duke, Nisser Ali Umar and Neil Andersson Archives of Public Health The official journal of the Belgian Public Health Association 201472:48 https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-3258-72-48 This article explains why some parents don’t vaccinate their children. Its credible because doctors wrote it, and its credited by the public health association of belgium. Im using this article because it describes exactly what the title of my paper is about. I’m also using it to furthermore explain my point, and plot it. McKee, Chephra and Kristin Bohannon. â€Å"Exploring the Reasons Behind Parental Refusal of Vaccines† journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG vol. 21,2 (2016): 104-9. This journal identifies the factors of refusing vaccines and why it had been going on. This article is very credible because its a journal written for people in the medical field. Its a team of professionals narrowing down the outcomes and explaining why parents refuse from a more up front point of view. Im using it to see further into my thesis, and understand what the problem is. Blumberg, Antonia. â€Å"Here’s where major religions stand on vaccines† Article of huffpost magazine, reporter of huffpost magazine, Lydia Polgreen (03/31/17) https://www.huffpost.com/entry/heres-where-major-religions-actually-stand-on-vaccines_n_58dc3ef0e4b08194e3b71fc4 This article says what religions have to say about vaccines and the problem at use. This article is credible because it has been published on a magazine with editors and hundreds of thousands of readers. Im using this article in my report to understand what role religion plays in deciding to take the vaccine or not. Joan Gilmour, Christine Harrison, Leyla Asadi, Michael H. Cohen, Sunita Vohra. Childhood Immunization: When Physicians and Parents Disagree Pediatrics Nov 2011, 128 (Supplement 4) S167-S174; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-2720E This article describes the four reasons why parents disagree to vaccines and debunking their theories or excuses. It also helps to see where the rumors came from and the misinformation interpreted. Its credible because its written by a physician, on a scholarly website. Im using this journal in my report because it has useful information to structure my paragraphs and explain the issue.

Character Differences and Morality

In Albert Camus’ The Guest, there are three main characters: Daru the schoolteacher, Balducci the policeman, and the Arab. These three characters all reveal differences that relate to one of the overall themes of the story: morality. In the story, Daru is the main character who has a hard time dealing with the concept of morality. Although there are many other themes that are prevalent to the story, morality is the major theme that each character can relate to because of their differences. Daru is a schoolteacher who feels like he is in a state of isolation from the beginning of the story to the end. He is assigned to do a task by Balducci but once he hears what he has to do he is appalled and refuses to do it. Instead of doing what he has been assigned, Daru does the complete opposite. The actions that Daru presents throughout the story show that he isn’t sure of himself and that he is very insecure. Daru has trouble dealing with the concept of morality, and his actions send him into a state of moral anguish at the end of the story. Although at times it looks like Daru wants to do well, he ends up saying or doing the wrong thing. For example, as Balducci is leaving the schoolhouse, he orders Daru to watch the prisoner before they hand him over. Daru tells Balducci that he will not hand him over. â€Å"Listen, Balducci†¦every bit of this disgusts me and most of all your fellow here. But I won’t hand him over. Fight, yes, if I have to. But not that.† (p.5); this shows how Daru is given the opportunity to do what is right but ends up doing what is wrong. While the prisoner stays with Daru, he feels very uncomfortable. Daru feels like the Arab wants to be friends with him, and Daru doesn’t want to be. This reveals that Daru is also self centered and that he doesn’t feel comfortable around strangers. Daru also starts to feel vulnerable because of what he said to Balducci before he left. Although Daru becomes upset with the Arab and doesn’t approve of the crime he has committed, he still believes that turning him in is a shameful thing to do. This shows that Daru may have a good side to him; one that cares about others and not just himself. Also shows how Daru has trouble dealing with morality. In the end, Daru cannot decide between what is right and what is wrong, which allows the Arab to choose his own fate and leaving Daru in a bind. Balducci is the policeman. The readers of the story see Balducci as a leader. Balducci has known Daru for a long time, and considers Daru like a son to him. Balducci cares about Daru and is upset when he won’t do what he has been told to do. Unlike Daru, who has trouble grasping the concept of morality, Balducci does everything right and therefore has nothing to really worry about. The only thing that Balducci has to worry about is what will happen to the Arab, once he leaves him with Daru. Balducci follows everything that he is supposed to do, like bringing the prisoner to Daru and caring for him. Once Balducci hands the prisoner over to Daru, he leaves and heads back to El Almeur. â€Å"He looked at the Arab, motionless in the same spot, sniffed peevishly, and turned away toward the door. Good-by, son, he said†¦The door shut behind him.† (p.6) Balducci, leaving the prisoner in Daru’s hands, makes the reader wonder whether or not Balducci had an ulterior m otive. And also why he left the Arab alone with just Daru? These actions of Balducci’s show that he may have wanted to give responsibility to Daru and have him see what it’s like caring for others and not just care for himself. The Arab, who is the prisoner, is very shy and apprehensive throughout the story. Although he is given many opportunities to escape throughout the story, he doesn’t. This shows that he is loyal and wants to do the right thing. Daru asks the Arab many questions, but he is very vague in answering. The Arab wants to know what is going to happen to him, but doesn’t understand anything that Daru is asking him. He also wants to know if the gendarme, Balducci, will return. His actions throughout the story tell us that he is also concerned about his safety and what will happen to him. In the end, Daru lets the Arab go and sends him away with money and food. The Arab doesn’t know what to think about what Daru is telling him to do. This shows that the Arab is confused and that he may not be able to think for himself while he is on his own. At first he is hesitant but decides to go on ahead, with the things Daru gives him. The Arab walks on ahead and disappears. Now the Ar ab doesn’t know what to expect and doesn’t know what his future holds for him. This will certify that the above work is completely original

Effects on Economic Growth by Financial Repression Essay

Effects on Economic Growth by Financial Repression - Essay Example The McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis recommended the liberalisation of the financial sectors from such restrictions to stop economic stagnation and initiate economic growth. This hypothesis, however, is not without its share of critics who pointed out that severe financial repression must be distinguished from mild repression or that the McKinnon-Shaw framework failed to take into certain factors such as inflation or that some of its basic components lacked empirical basis. Moreover, specific studies of countries that adopted this financial repression yielded unequivocal results that could lead one to assert that financial repression leads only to one and only one result - economic stagnation. In connection with this, the cases of India and China, both of which have experienced financial repression, are presented in this paper to shed light to the McKinnon-Shaw claim that financial repression negatively affects economic growth. This is timely considering that both, especially China, are pres ently considered emerging super economies of the world. Financial repression is a term that was first coined in the 1970s by McKinnon and Shaw, but was actually a condition that existed prevalently before that. As a matter of fact, financial repression was the norm and financial liberalisation, its opposing term, the exception prior to the 1980s. Financial repression, thus, refers to government intervention in the financial environment by substituting regular market variables and mechanisms with its own (Spratt 58). The existence of financial repression can be deduced from the presence of the following factors: unsystematic distortions in financial prices such as interest and exchange rates; interest rates with ceiling caps and nominal interest at fixed rates, which lead to low or even negative real interest rates.

See attachment for essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

See attachment for question - Essay Example This paper shall now discuss the preceding statement, examining the implications of such statement for social work practice. It shall define madness based on a technical and operational definition of the term as will now be used and applied in this paper. It shall then discuss where madness originated from, focusing on the evolution of the thought processes related to the current concept and understanding of madness. This paper shall apply madness and its concepts to social work and their work with service users. It shall also cover relevant legislation. Finally, this paper shall discuss the ethics and values of social work in relation to madness. This paper is being undertaken in order to assess and evaluate the current subject matter and how it affects the current social work practice. It ultimately aims to ensure a more profound, academics, scholarly application, and evidence-based application of the subject matter. The Cambridge Dictionaries Online (2010) defines madness as â€Å"the state of being mentally ill or unable to behave in a reasonable way†. This definition is again another generic definition of madness, one that can even easily be interchanged with the term crazy or insane. Nevertheless, the definition points out important elements about one’s state of mind in this condition of madness – which it relates to a state of being in an unreasonable or illogical state of mind. The mental processes and the normal logical thoughts of a person are compromised in times of madness; hence, in instances when one is not logically processing ideas and thoughts, some people are prone to label such person as ‘mad.’ The Encyclopedie (as cited by Foucault, 2005, p. 98) sets forth that madness means to â€Å"depart from reason with confidence and in the firm conviction that one is following it†. There is a broken relationship between man and his reason and the p erson believes that his mind is

Agricultural Farmland Investments Essay Example for Free

Agricultural Farmland Investments Essay If you are worried about inflation, the best investments to protect yourself are so-called real assets that will rise in value along with inflation. If you are interested in a real asset that pays good current income and dividends, hedges against inflation and also has tremendous value, consider farmland investments. We took farmland as an investment and sees agriculture as the premiere asset class for the next decade. Why invest in farmland? Green World believes that farmland is among the best alternative investments for retail investors. In keeping with Green World’s theory that it is important for any investment to be on the right side of global macro trends, and as the graph from the UN demonstrates, the amount of arable land worldwide is dwindling. Simultaneously, the world’s population is forecast to jump to more than 9 billion by 2050 from 6.9 billion today. Simple economic principles of supply and demand dictate that when there is an increasing shortage of an asset combined with growing demand for it, the prices of that asset are likely to go up. This trend and the accompanying high prices for agricultural commodities has created a substantial concern amongst world governments around the issue of â€Å"food security† and has led many large institutional investors – including governments – to launch agriculture and farmland funds. Shrinking Arable Land and Global Food Security Just to summarize, the points below provide a good overview of reasons for including farmland in your portfolio: 1) Food inflation looks set to continue for the foreseeable future, as the amount of arable land globally is actually shrinking whilst the global population is continuing to grow. To meet growing global food demand the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization estimates an extra six million hectares of additional farmland investment is needed every year for the next 30 years, creating a massive new opportunity for farmland investors. 2) Northen part continue to use Quantitative Easing to create new money on a massive scale. Farmland is an excellent hedge against inflation, which, is the inevitable effects of this printed money entering the real economy. 3) Farmland pays high current income and dividends from the sale of crops. As interest rates are near zero and likely to stay that way for some time, prudent savers are forced to look elsewhere for current in come. Farmland is an excellent option for obtaining that income. 4) Farmland stands out as an asset class that can be a safe haven from global financial and economic instability, as it provides diversification to a portfolio since farmland does not respond to the same factors as those which influence financial assets such as stocks and bonds. 5) Finally, investing in farmland is also a play on China’s continued rapid growth. One of the places where arable farmland is shrinking quite fast due to development is China, and indeed China has now become a net food importer, causing great worry in the government about the issue of â€Å"food security†. With US$3.1 trillion of reserves, when China wants or needs something, it goes out and buys it. Food and farmland are no exception, and indeed China has been buying farmland all around the world. One other point worth noting is that Dream World’s favorite investing on a huge proponent of investing in farmland. They believe that we are only in the â€Å"third inning† of the farmland story, and the asset class still has plenty of room to run. It is also worth noting that it also â€Å"eats his own cooking† so to speak, as he offers two farmland funds targeted at institutional investors, one of which invests in different allocations of farmland in India of Dream World’s farmland projects is located. The next question to consider is how to invest in farmland? You could, of course, invest in a Dream World farmland fund, but Dream World funds target high net worth for institutions with minimum requirements of thousands of Rupees. Dream World, by contrast, offers direct farmland investments for retail investors, with minimum requirements as low as Rs.5000.00. Furthermore, Dream World’s farmland investment projects provide for the direct ownership of the underlying agricultural land – i.e. the retail investor actually owns farmland directly, rather than having indirect exposure through an expensive farmland hedge fund. It is now possible for individual investors to make direct investing in farmland a part of their portfolio, as there are an increasing number of projects where large tracts of land are purchased, and then individual parcels are sold directly to retail investors. These investments are a full â€Å"soup-to-nuts solution,† as everything from the cultivation of the land to the planting and harvesting and the sale of the sale of the crops are performed by an existing farm manager who is part of the project. That means these are perfect passive investments for individuals looking to diversify their portfolios. The aims of the participatory process in the project were: * to perform reflections on the causes and the consequences of the change in the man-forest relationship and on the opportunity to acknowledge new expectations and needs arisen from society towards the forestry sector through participation; * to define, through study cases, a procedure capable of integrating participation into landscape forest planning and to develop a method suitable for all the different situations in Italy * to evaluate the perception of the forest and of forest management within the local communities; * to integrate the traditional knowledge with the technical content of the plan; * to make the population aware of the planning process; * to carry out the mapping of the stakeholders; * to involve, through a targeted reach-out, stakeholders who would otherwise not have been able to voice their concerns.

The Ebola Virus :: Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever

The Ebola Virus INTRODUCTION The most deadly killers on this earth are too small to see with the naked eye. These microscopic predators are viruses. In my report, I will answer many basic questions concerning one of the fastest killing viruses, the Ebola virus. Questions such as "How does it infect its victims?", "How are Ebola victims treated?", "How are Ebola outbreaks controlled?" and many others related to this deadly virus. GENERAL INFORMATION The Ebola virus is a member of the negative stranded RNA viruses known as filoviruses. There are four different strains of the Ebola virus - Zaire (EBOZ), Sudan (EBOS), Tai (EBOT) and Reston (EBOR). They are very similar except for small serological differences and gene sequence differences. The Reston Strain is the only one which does not affect humans. The Ebola virus was named after the Ebola river in Zaire, Africa after its first outbreak in 1976. STRUCTURE When magnified by an electron microscope, the ebola virus resembles long filaments and are threadlike in shape. It usually is found in the form of a "U- shape". There are many 7nm spikes which are 10nm apart from each other visible on the surface of the virus. The average length and diameter of the virus is 920nm and 80nm. The virons are highly variable in length (polymorphic), some attaining lengths as long as 14000nm. The Ebola virus consists of a helical nucleocapsid, which is a protein coat and the nucleic acid it encloses, and a host cell membrane, which is a lipoprotein unit that surrounds the virus and derived form the host cell's membrane. The virus is composed of 7 polypeptides, a nucleoprotein, a glycoprotein, a polymerase and 4 other undesignated proteins. These proteins are synthesized by mRNA that are transcribed by the RNA of the virus. The genome consists of a single strand of negative RNA, which is noninfectious itself. The order of it is as follows: 3' untranslated region, nucleoprotein, viral structured protein, VP35, VP40 glycoprotein, VP30, VP24, polymerase(L), 5' untranslated region. HOW IT INFECTS Once the virus enters the body, it travels through the blood stream and is replicated in many organs. The mechanism used to penetrate the membranes of cells and enter the cell is still unknown. Once the virus is inside a cell, the RNA is transcribed and replicated. The RNA is transcribed, producing mRNA which are used to produce the virus' proteins. The RNA is replicated in the cytoplasm and is mediated by the synthesis of an antisense positive RNA strand which serves as a template for producing additional Ebola genomes. As the infection progresses, the cytoplasm develops "prominent inclusion bodies" which means that

Management Techniques Used in Mcdonalds Stores

Management Techniques used in McDonalds Date: 17/12/2010 Contents: Pg 1 – Title page Pg 2 – Contents Pg 3 – Executive Summary Pg 4 – 1. 0 Terms of Reference 2. 0 Procedure 2. 1 Primary Research 2. 2 Secondary Research 3. 0 Findings 3. 1 Principles of scientific management Pg 5 – 3. 2 Principles of Taylorisms 3. 3 McDonaldization 3. 4 Individual Investigation Pg 6 – 3. 5 Motivation 4. 0 Conclusion Pg 7 – 5. 0 Recommendations 6. 0 Reference List 7. 0 Bibliography Executive Summary This report was produced to look at the management and motivation methods hat are used in McDonald’s fast food restaurants, and was requested by the Senior Executive of McDonalds. The main findings were that there are influences of the theories of F. W. Taylor and George Ritzer and was concluded that upon observation of the activities in McDonalds, there are evident uses of scientific management used in McDonalds restaurants, and that this does have a kn ock-on effect on the motivation of staff there. The recommendations of this report are that the managers need to engage the staff and try to ‘revamp’ the processes that they have in place, and give them a more direct motivation as to the rewards that they receive. 1. 0 – Terms of Reference This report is has been requested by the Senior Executive of McDonalds in September 2010, in response to a claim made by Wilson (2010). Wilson suggests that there are close links between the scientific management principles and the strict routines and procedures found in McDonald’s fast food restaurants. This report will look into scientific management principles and to see if they do actually have an effect on the management principles that are used McDonalds fast food restaurants and will briefly look at the motivation methods of McDonald’s employees, and will include observations of these methods. The basic problems found in the observation of staff, was that the observation was limited, and only observed the activities of the ‘front-line’ employees, serving the customer, and was not able to extend this to the ‘beginning’ of the process to where the food is made on the premises. This report has been compiled by an independent researcher, who will consider through observation and research whether Wilson’s suggestion does support the daily routines a customer would find when visiting such fast-food restaurants. 2. – Procedure The following procedures were undertaken in order to analyse the case study organisation. 2. 1 – Primary Research: The primary research undertaken was to observe the staff of various McDonalds restaurants, these were observed from September 2010 to December 2010 to try and obtain a more varied view of the procedures staff at McDonalds use. This is found under section 3. 4 – Individual Investigation. 2. 2 – Secondary Research: The secondary research undertaken was through websites, books and online articles. This research was used for the use of theorists used in the Findings section of the report. | 3. 0 – Findings 3. 1 Scientific management is a theory that was initially developed by Fredrick Winslow Taylor and this theory was published in 1911. In his publication, ‘The Principles of Scientific Management’, Taylor addresses the â€Å"importance of the larger question of increasing our national efficiency’ (Taylor, 1911). His theory sets out to ‘Prove that the best management is a true science, resting upon clearly defined laws, rules and principles as a foundation’ (Taylor, 1911). Taylor believed that workmen would do as little work as possible, and would produce one-third to one-half of their ability, and believed that this was universal, yet he wanted to counter this and increase the productivity of workers. Taylor suggests through his own research that many jobs, including skilled professions can be broken down into smaller tasks, meaning the less need for skilled craftsmen to complete jobs, and make their own decisions. He conducted this research in the steel industry with Time Studies; he observed worker’s sequence of motions to determine the best way for jobs to be performed. The drawbacks of this method, although it does increase productivity, are that it de-humanises the job role, and doesn’t allow for any thought of the worker to be involved. 3. 2 The four main principles of Taylor, also known as Taylorisms, are: 1. Replace ‘rule of thumb’ work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks. 2. To scientifically select, train and develop each worker rather than leaving the workers to train themselves. 3. To co-operate with workers to ensure that the scientific developed methods are being followed. . To divide work nearly equally between management and workers, so managers apply the scientific management principles to planning and the work, and the worker to actually perform the tasks. (www. netmba. com) These principles were adopted mainly in factories and industrial settings, including Henry Ford’s car production factories. 3. 3 McDonaldization is a term that was created by George Ritzer based on the findings of Max Weber’s theories of bureaucracy, in his publication ‘The McDonaldization of Society’ (1995). George Ritzer explains that the fast food restaurant is an extreme example of rationalization process, where the main focus is that of efficiency and predictability. Ritzer’s four main principles of McDonaldization are: 1. Efficiency – The fastest method of completing a task. 2. Calculability – In terms of McDonald’s customers, this means to serve the customers a large amount of food in a short period of time, in terms of McDonalds staff, it is the quantity of work they do and not the quality in that they do it. 3. Predictability – Meaning whatever McDonalds restaurant a customer will go to, they would know what to expect, this applies to the product and the service that they receive. 4. Control – This is the control over the employees, everything is standardized and wherever possible, human interaction is replaced by technology. 3. 4 Individual Investigation- On conducting an investigation into what a customer would experience upon visiting McDonald’s restaurants, it was found that the experience does support the views of Ritzer, and Taylor’s scientific management principles can be applied. On being served, a customer is asked the same routine question, and the customers answer will be, again, another script-written question, i. e. What drink would you like with that, would you like to have a large meal? The employee that is serving will then either collect the order that the customer has placed, or there will be another member of staff there to carry out that particular task, so that the person ‘stationed’ at the till can go on to serve the next customer, whichever may be more efficient, with tasks being broken down. This experience alone can cover three of the four principles used by Ritzer, quite clearly; efficiency, fastest method of completing the task, calculability, serving customers with large amounts of food in a short time and also the quantity of work that they do. The third principle of Ritzer is supported by visiting a few various McDonalds restaurants, the customer will know what to expect, as stated earlier with the ‘script-written’ questions upon ordering food, to knowing the McDonald’s ‘menu’ and what you will get. The fourth principle of Ritzer’s, control, from going to McDonalds has been perceived from this observation that the managers will control the staff, ensuring that tasks are carried out correctly, as when observing the activity behind the counter, there is always a manager present, constantly going back and fourth between points, and ‘checking over employees shoulders’. 3. 5 Motivation – To look at the benefits that may motivate a McDonald’s employee, it has been researched on what promote the vacancies that are available in McDonalds. From accessing the McDonald’s website www. mcdonalds. co. k, the company advertises that the vacancies are not just short-term jobs, but the opportunity offers great training and development schemes from apprenticeships to foundation degrees, yet, they do not move away from the actual realization of the job. A very brief breakdown of a crew-members role is stated as, customer service – expected to provide customers with a quick and accurate service. The website also promotes the ‘rewards and benefits’ of being a McDonalds employee, these are; 28 days paid holidays, free private healthcare (after three years service), stakeholder pension scheme, an employee is able to exchange ? 10 directly from their pay to childcare vouchers, saving on National Insurance and Tax, and also appealing to possibly single parents, and also discount cards for large retailers, including HMV and Marks & Spenser’s. However, although all these rewards and benefits may seem appealing, there is also a short video clip on the website, titled ‘Think Again’. This is a short video, where a McDonalds employee has approached people ‘off the street’ to ask their views on people who work in McDonalds. Some answers given are that McDonalds employees are uneducated, people ‘filling in between real jobs’ and that a job at McDonalds is a last resort, however, the employee who was conducting the short ‘interviews’ was a university student, currently studying law, when this was told to the people who she was talking with, mostly all of them looked surprised, and afraid that they had offended her, but it further backed her point, of ‘think again’, not all McDonalds staff are what they appear to be, and the majority of them are studying in university for degrees. This video is a realistic view of what McDonald’s staff are considered to be, and McDonalds have tried to turn this in their favour, yet, it will be off-putting for some to apply for these jobs, and from visiting McDonald’s restaurants, the staff do not seem entirely enthusiastic and motivated, and seem to find it a struggle to offer ‘service with a smile’. 4. 0 Conclusion In conclusion, Wilson’s suggestion is a true statement of the management techniques and working procedures that are used in McDonalds. From researching the scientific management principles, and observing the activity in McDonalds, it can be seen that these principles do apply; the tasks are broken down into small tasks, to enable efficiency. All staff are trained on the job role that they are doing, and are trained to the method that fits best with the structure of the restaurant and environment that they will be working in, and managers are constantly overseeing what the employees are doing. The findings have also shown that Ritzer’s views of McDonaldization are again, quite true, and again from observation of staff working at McDonald’s, have fitted with the principles that Ritzer claim McDonald’s function on. 5. 0 Recommendations The recommendations that are found from the findings of this report are that there needs to be a more direct motivation for the staff at McDonalds. As said under the findings, the staff seem to lack an enthusiasm for the job that they are doing, even though the training and development opportunities and the rewards available are quite impressive. However, this lack of ‘awareness’ may be to the mundane and repetitive processes that the organisation have in place, and if so, McDonald’s managers need to look at this again. The processes that are in place do offer efficiency, which is essential for a fast-food restaurant, but they need to get their staff more engaged and offer more variety in the way that these processes are carried out, and while doing this, possibly include the staff that are carrying out these ‘processes’ to share their input into what they feel can be done etter, this will then have a ‘boost’ factor to the way that they feel they are valued in the organisation. 6. 0 Reference list * â€Å"importance of the larger question of increasing our national efficiency’ (Taylor, 1911, Introduction, The Principles of Scientific Management)* * â€Å"Prove that the best management is a true science, resting upon clearly defined laws, rules and principles as a foundati on† (Taylor, 1911, The Principles of Scientific Management, Pge 3)* *both accessed from forgottenbooks. org 7. 0 Bibliography * www. mcdonalds. co. uk (9/12/2010) * www. netmba. com (8-11/12/2010)

AP American History Essay Essay

The British North American colonies grew considerably between 1600 and 1763. Imports and exports across the Atlantic caused a constant demand for labor in the colonies. The British colonies supplied raw goods as well as some manufactured goods for countries around the world especially in Europe. As the demand for cash crops and raw materials from the Americas grew, the demand for labor also increased. Trans-Atlantic interactions fostered continuity in the demand for labor in the British North American colonies from 1600 to 1763 but also fostered changes in the sources of labor. The harsh conditions for indentured servitude remained during this period. Indentured servants were treated basically as slaves and many, when freed, were unable to make a decent living for themselves with the small amount of land they were given. The government and society still viewed former indentured servants as inferior to the middle class colonial citizens. Indentured servants were the main source of labor, especially in the north, until Bacon’s rebellion. Nathanial Bacon in Jamestown led Bacon’s rebellion; this rebellion was brought about against the rule of Governor William Berkley. The immediate cause was Berkley’s refusal to retaliate against a number of recent Native American attacks on the frontier settlements, most of which were inhabited by former indentured servants. The long-term cause was the inequality in society between former indentured servants, the lower class, and the middle class. After this rebellion, landowners began to prefer permanent African slaves to indentured servants who only worked unpaid for about seven years. African slaves soon proved a better source for labor because they did not rebel like the indentured servants, and they proved far more healthy and durable than Native Americans. The south especially began to rely on this source of labor because of their cash crops and their plantation society. Farming of cash crops such as tobacco, indigo, rice, and cotton provided for a continued demand in labor throughout the colonies. The south especially had a strong, constant, demand for laborers because their cash crop, rice, required a lot of time and expertise. The southern colonies also required more labor because of their vast amount of land compared to the northern colonies. Slaves from West Africa proved to be very valuable to plantation owners in the south as these slaves had knowledge in the growth and care of rice. As demand for these crops rose in Europe, so did the demand for labor both forced and voluntary. British colonists began to shift from farming varied cash crops to monoculture crops such as tobacco and cotton, which impacted labor systems. This  shift created a plantation labor system, particularly in the southern colonies. The plantation labor system relied heavily on African slaves rather than indentured servants. In the north, family farm labor characterized the majority of the labor during this time; consequently the north did not require as much demand for alternate labor. The South, however had a predominantly plantation based society with a strong demand for cheap labor. The families in the South did not grow fast enough to be able to sustain such large amounts of land on their own. When the American colonies broke from England this difference in dependency of slaves between the north and south proved to be an issue in the creation of the government. The Northwest Land Ordinance created by the Articles of Confederation prohibited any slavery from the old western territories. This began the slow removal of slavery that eventually led to the civil war. The trans-Atlantic slave trade rose during the period of 1600-1763. This allowed for employers to acquire African slaves much easier. New England would trade rum with the Africans for slaves, which they would then use to trade with the southern Americans for sugar, which was then returned to New England. European imperial systems correspondingly shifted from mercantilism to capitalism. The private owners in colonial America began to have more control over the trade and profit of the community rather than the state.  America also began to become much more self-sufficient even though they were still under England’s control. England’s policy of salutary neglect allowed for the colonies to expand and become more independent from the British and the other colonies. This independence and increased demand by other countries for goods from the American colonies caused an increase demand for labor. Trans-Atlantic trade and other interactions caused an increase demand for labor in the British North American colonies from 1600-1763 but also created a change in the sources of labor. The demand for changes in labor sources were due to Bacon’s rebellion, the shift from farming varied cash crops to monoculture crops such as cotton and tobacco, the shift from mercantilism to capitalism in Europe, and the formation of a plantation system predominantly in the South. Slave labor in the south helped direct the nation to the Civil War. The Developments between 1600 and 1763 led to little slave labor in the North and slave dependency in the South. This labor development aided in sectional division and political issues that led to the Civil War.

Free Essays on Telecommutions Act Of 1996

THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1996 The Telecommunications Act of 1996 by definition : To promote competition and reduce regulation in order to secure lower prices and higher quality services for American telecommunications consumers and encourage the rapid deployment of new telecommunications technologies. (3) The Telecommunications Act of 1996 (â€Å"the Act,† P.L. 104-104) was the first major revision of communications law since 1934. Its passage opened up the video, local telephone, and long distance markets to competition and gave companies the regulatory flexibility they needed to invest tens of billions of dollars in new technology and services. Most importantly, the Act replaced a patchwork of judicial, FCC, and state regulations with a coherent, pro-competitive national telecommunications policy that seeks to bring the information age to all Americans. (1) The Telecommunications Act of 1996 originally passed the Senate by a vote of 81-18 on June 15, 1995. The House approved a similar bill by a vote of 305-117 on August 4, 1995. Both houses of Congress voted overwhelmingly to approve the conference report on February 1, 1996 (414-16 in the House, 91-5 in the Senate). President Clinton signed S. 652 into law on February 8, 1996. (3) The Act established the following key policies and provisions:  · PROMOTION OF ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES  · CABLE DEREGULATION/RATE RELIEF  · DELIVERY OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING BY TELEPHONE COMPANIES.  · FLEXIBILITY FOR BUYOUTS AND MERGERS BETWEEN TELCOS AND CABLE  · REMOVING BARRIERS TO LOCAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPETITION  · INTERCONNECTION AND UNBUNDLING OF THE LOCAL TELEPHONE LOOP  · POLE ATTACHMENTS  · V-CHIP AND RATINGS FOR POTENTIALLY OBJECTIONABLE TV PROGRAMMING Of these key policies I find the V-Chip very interesting. I have cable T.V. in my home with all the channels active. My cousin sometimes comes over to visit... Free Essays on Telecommutions Act Of 1996 Free Essays on Telecommutions Act Of 1996 THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACT OF 1996 The Telecommunications Act of 1996 by definition : To promote competition and reduce regulation in order to secure lower prices and higher quality services for American telecommunications consumers and encourage the rapid deployment of new telecommunications technologies. (3) The Telecommunications Act of 1996 (â€Å"the Act,† P.L. 104-104) was the first major revision of communications law since 1934. Its passage opened up the video, local telephone, and long distance markets to competition and gave companies the regulatory flexibility they needed to invest tens of billions of dollars in new technology and services. Most importantly, the Act replaced a patchwork of judicial, FCC, and state regulations with a coherent, pro-competitive national telecommunications policy that seeks to bring the information age to all Americans. (1) The Telecommunications Act of 1996 originally passed the Senate by a vote of 81-18 on June 15, 1995. The House approved a similar bill by a vote of 305-117 on August 4, 1995. Both houses of Congress voted overwhelmingly to approve the conference report on February 1, 1996 (414-16 in the House, 91-5 in the Senate). President Clinton signed S. 652 into law on February 8, 1996. (3) The Act established the following key policies and provisions:  · PROMOTION OF ADVANCED TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES  · CABLE DEREGULATION/RATE RELIEF  · DELIVERY OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING BY TELEPHONE COMPANIES.  · FLEXIBILITY FOR BUYOUTS AND MERGERS BETWEEN TELCOS AND CABLE  · REMOVING BARRIERS TO LOCAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPETITION  · INTERCONNECTION AND UNBUNDLING OF THE LOCAL TELEPHONE LOOP  · POLE ATTACHMENTS  · V-CHIP AND RATINGS FOR POTENTIALLY OBJECTIONABLE TV PROGRAMMING Of these key policies I find the V-Chip very interesting. I have cable T.V. in my home with all the channels active. My cousin sometimes comes over to visit...

State Intervention in Private Spheres of Activity for their Intended Essay

State Intervention in Private Spheres of Activity for their Intended Public Interest - Essay Example It is an important feature of contemporary society and one which is set to grow as network technologies, such as the Internet, enable us to communicate almost instantaneously with organizations and individuals regardless of geographical location. For example, it is because of the emergence of a ‘borderless’ society that law enforcement agencies increasingly seek to be exempted from the full rigors of the privacy laws. That this kind of exemption can lead, in turn, to misuse and abuse of these powers is perhaps one of the ‘costs’ we have to bear if law enforcement agencies generally are to be effective in combating crime in the information age. However, before evaluating how ethically right is the State’s intervention in the privacy of the members of the society for its proposed public interests, the very terminology of â€Å"Privacy† needs to be understood.The extensive material the n literature on the definition of Privacy reveals that the term’s meaning differs under various approaches to privacy offered by different scholars. Privacy’s most widely spread definition has been coined by Warren & Brandeis (1890, p. 205) who define privacy, as an intrinsic value, the â€Å"right to be let alone† (Stahl, 2007). Another approach to define privacy by (Stalder, 2002) is that of informational self-determination which sees privacy as the right to determine who accesses person-related data. This interpretation is widely spread in continental Europe whereby privacy may be taken in terms of property which includes the protection of an individual’s financial records, health records, ex-directo ry telephone numbers, criminal records, etc. If person-related information can be treated as property, then privacy issues can be reduced to the more established (intellectual) property law as Spinello (2000) puts it.  

Postmodernism in animation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Postmodernism in animation - Research Paper Example Baudrillard and Frederic Jameson to popular animation series such as Beavis and Butt-head, Drawn Together and Harvey Birdman that aimed to target adult audiences with their content and themes. The first part of the paper intends to explore the specific theories presented by commentators on postmodernism, in order to apply the elements of the concepts with regards to the animated television series under discussion thereby concluding that aspects of postmodernism and its cultural components are visible in the animated representations of popular culture. Lyotard’s description and assessment of the world, in his essay titled â€Å"The Postmodern Condition† puts forward the limitations of believing in the positivity associated with a social and cultural agreement, thereby, postulating that postmodernism should in fact strive to work against the foundations of this widespread consensus which is an unattainable or utopian state due to the aspects related to the emergence and progress of popular culture which preaches plurality rather than singularity, this assertion led to the development of the concept of metanarratives and recognized the need to promote knowledge that is held by the general population rather than what is advocated by dominant cultural and political forces through the means of Grand narratives (til B.A-prà ³fs and Bjà ¶rnsson 2006). However, for Baudrillard (1994) the notions of postmodernism are associated with the representation of what he terms as hyperreality, such that in the society of today symbols or signs are no longer associable to their existence in reality but due to the emergence of a simulacrum can be traced to the subsistence of other elements. Perhaps, the most viable link of Baudrillard’s theory of hyperreality can be traced to the projections of media such as film and television which create the hyperreality and then propogate it (til B.A-prà ³fs and Bjà ¶rnsson 2006). With its comprehensions of society and culture, postmodernism has