Online Courses vs. Traditional Courses Essay -- Higher Education, Inter

Today, an ever increasing number of schools are offering courses to understudies that are altogether on the web. Understudies who are attracted to online courses incorporate understudies working all day employments, understudies who might incline toward a private report condition, or understudies who locate that online courses are simpler than conventional (grounds based) courses. Promotions equipped to urge understudies to enlist for online classes tend to depict them as being simpler and requiring less work than its grounds partner. For example, some TV ads show understudies wearing night garments working in a casual situation inside their home - liberated from the weights brought about by cutoff times and testing. Notwithstanding the way that online courses and customary courses by and large spread a similar material on a given subjectâ€the two are particularly unique with respect to specialized prerequisites, social association, testing, and practice. Having solid PC abilities is one of the key necessities for an understudy taking an online course. Interestingly, customary courses only here and there require the utilization of PCs; rather, online courses are led altogether on a PC by means of the web. Understudies must realize how to explore the web, use email to impart and submit assignments, and use word handling and different projects required for the particular course. Understudies who are amateur PC clients will be at an extraordinary impediment and likely won't total the course with an acceptable evaluation. Understudies who have these abilities will have the option to exceed expectations through online courses without breaking a sweat, and more adaptability than courses educated nearby. Absence of social connection is another factor that an understudy ought to consider when enlisting to take an online course. A... ...es, than courses taken nearby. Understudies totally should have incredible self-restraint so as to effectively finish an online course. Taking everything into account, other than a private report condition, the absolute most bit of leeway of an online course over a customary course is the adaptability they offer in booking, particularly for understudies with fluctuating timetables. All things considered, in spite of commercials, online courses expect understudies to fill in as hard as courses educated on campusâ€if not harder. Understudies who need PC aptitudes, understudies who require solid social cooperation, and understudies who are not firmly restrained should take courses that are offered nearby. Understudies should cautiously assess these focuses and any course writing accessible so as to choose the sort obviously that best accommodates their learning style, as this has been generally useful for me.

Poopie Pants :: essays research papers

Poopie Pants When is the End of the World?      The apocalypse has without a doubt in no uncertainty been an idea that has gotten a handle on the psyches of both old and current civic establishments. Both new and old developments are in reality totally different from one another. While innovation is showing signs of improvement, the old antiquated religous sees gradually lessen. In spite of the fact that the two are altogether different, the both have the equivalent dangerous outcome.      The greater part of old belif toward the apocalypse comes profoundly from their religon. Fundamentally, they belived that their god(s) would demolish them by a cataclysmic event, for example, a flood due to their transgressions. A case of this is the antiquated Romans belived that Zues will flood the world trusting the rinse earth of all wrongdoing. Since Mount Olympus was up so high in the sky, a flood was the catastrophic event of decision since it will guard the divine beings. Different religons too belived in a mass flood in the would like to clense of transgression. One of the most renowned is the Catholic story of Noah and the Ark. Here, God floods the earth for fourty days and fourty evenings while it was Noah’s obligation to place two of every creature in the ark, planning to begin another world when the flood was finished; much like what the old Romans belived. Regardless of what the old religon, they truly belived profoundly in their religon in a chara cteristic diaster.      In todays current world, as innovation developed, progressively unique medthods became out from the two dimentional religous see. To develop this thought, during the space race in the ‘60s, researcher have taken in the devistating impact a space rock has if the earth was to be struck by one. In the event that it hits land, the residue would cover the earth and not let daylight in killing plant and creature life. We are not in any case safe if a space rock were to hit the sea. Researcher have confirmed that a space rock the size of Manhatten would hit the sea, it would cast a 400 foot or greater tsunami and inundate the vast majority of the landmasses sea line. Talking about Manhatten, eversince the consummation of the Manhatten venture, humankind can devastate the world with atomic, hydrogen, and nuclear bombs.

Ethnicity Information (Optional)

Ethnicity Information (Optional) On college applications, you’ll probably come across a question like this, “I consider myself to belong to the following ethnic group(s) (check all that apply)”. At least for myself, this is an easy question to answer: my eyes automatically scan the page for “Mexican-American”. Boom. I mark it and move on to the next part of the application. For some though, this can be seen like a trick question. In a conversation I had with a friend, I discovered the nuances and tricks that this question can pose. For instance, “Hmm, so if I mark an ethnic identity do I get a scholarship? If I mark an identity will that give me brownie points with the admissions staff?” I stared at my friend dumbfounded. I wasn’t sure whether to laugh or scream. Was he suggesting that folks, like myself, who belong to an ethnic category through no choice of their own, had it easier at higher educational institutions? The short and easy answer is no. But since I like to complicate things, I’ll invi te you to my thoughts. Let me tell you something….college was hard for people like me- the first generation, ethnically identified, low income, whatever-other-category-you choose students. The difficulty with school wasn’t due largely to rigor of the curriculum; we chose to be at school because we liked it; no, the issues were much larger than that. For us, we had to think about our families we were leaving behind: “How can I help out with the bills this year if I am not there to contribute? How can mom and dad help me with my OWN bills, if I cannot contribute to the household income? How can I make friends at school if they don’t have to go through what I am going through?” For some of us, the issues got too big to handle. One particularly bright student had to drop out her junior year in college because of dad’s newly discovered thyroid problem. Another dropped out his senior year from his engineering program because mom could no longer work due to deportation procedures. In short, we can come with a lot of baggage; baggage that puts many, many obstacles in our way of graduating from a higher educational institution. According to who you choose to believe, Hispanic and African American students have between a 40 and 49 percent chance of graduating within six years from a university (The Chronicle, 2010), as compared with their white counterparts who have a 60 percent graduation rate. When people choose an ethnic identity because of the “benefits” in higher educations, it tends to cheapen an ethnic identity. It’s as though being Mexican-American, for example, will buy your way into the college of your choice and that couldn’t be farther from the truth. Come college application time and you come across this ethnicity question, I ask you to think of these things. I ask you to answer honestly, and move on to the next part of the application.

Compare American and Chinese Universities - 762 Words

Compare American and Chinese Universities American universities and Chinese universities have very different admission requirements. American universities, most of them, offer fall term and spring term enrollments, and some schools even offer winter term or summer term enrollments as well. When they make a decision of whether to admit an applicant, they consider the applicant’s GPA and SAT score, and sometimes give privileges to students who demonstrate their achievements on extra curricula activities. Because most of American universities accept both types of freshman and transfer students, students who are not able to enroll at a four-year university right after they graduate from high school can still apply for universities as transfer†¦show more content†¦By this system, students have flexibility to choose a class and schedule a course-roadmap that outlines the courses students take within the terms. Students can take courses on fall term and spring term at semester system schools, and fall term, winter t erm and spring term at quarter system schools. Many schools offer a summer session for students as well. Therefore, each student would have their unique class schedule and course-roadmap based on their own preference. On the contrary, Chinese universities have a very different system called academic year system, which means students graduate when they finish certain years of study. By this system, students are required to declare their majors very early in which on the application form when they apply for the school. Since the major is decided, students have to follow the school made course-roadmap to take most of the courses. Students in Chinese universities may have a few choices on choosing a different instructor or different class time for the general education classes, but they have very limited choices for the major classes. Moreover, all the universities in China do not offer summer session. Consequently, in most circumstances, same major students who enrolled in the school i n the same year probably have same class schedule each semester, especially on junior and senior level. Therefore, based on the education system, American university students and ChineseShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Place Where People Live and Work1068 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and contrast Place where people live and work Student name: Li Mo (Zoe) Student number: 12209 Teacher name: Stewart Fraser Due Date: 27 April 2013 Word counts: 1005 Question: Compare and contrast attitudes towards students working part time in your country and in the U.S.A. Use specific examples and provide appropriate evidence to explain your answer. Part-time jobs now is very common for students in many countries, we can see a lot of jobRead MoreThe Different Education Exam Systems1266 Words   |  6 Pagestraditional education and hidebound style, to be honest, in Chinese college, instructor is authority, students should just listen and take notes, and too much homework lead them they do mot have time to know the world and themselves. They just focus on their academic business, and the test points, because, in Chinese teachers eyes, how hard you work and how many points you get is a standard to measure if you are a good student. â€Å" Chinese students are less conscious of the world around them, all-aroundRead MoreEssay about Family Values Richard Rodriguez Analysis1270 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal anecdotes and hypothetical examples in â€Å"Family Values,† to profess his theory that Americans’ supposed beliefs do not always align with reality. With the use of generalization and paradoxical exemplification, Rodriguez is able to portray his beliefs about family values in America. Rodriguez’s analysis of American culture falls in category with many of his other essays as he constantly compares it to others, particularly his own. A second generation immigrant, he was exposed to a simplisticRead MoreThe American Government s Involvements And Influences On The Internet1619 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion: What are the American government’s involvements and influences in the Internet compare to Chinese government? Thesis: The United States’ government had played the most important role of developing Internet, and did a great contribution certainly. However, Chinese government had a very different attitudes with American government for Internet at last century when Internet started developing because of some domestic factors. Later, Chinese government changed its attitudes and behaviorsRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Students916 Words   |  4 Pagesexamination that high schoolers need to take prior to entering any higher level education in the future. This test consist of mathematics, Chinese literature, English, and the choice of humanities or natural sciences. Over a course of two days, Chinese students must test for nine hours. It is typical to say that the Gaokao is the most important exam in China for every Chinese students. Nearly every student would need equivalent to ten years of education to have the necessary preparation for this exam. WhenRead MoreDifferences Between Ameri ca And China985 Words   |  4 Pages When we compare with America and China, we will find that there are so many differences between this two countries, and here I mainly talk about their difference in education in this paper. Throughout all kinds of points among their differences, we can sum up to six aspects: the study style, the importance of education, the method of teaching, examination and the purpose of education. First, American Education tells students that study is just to study for themselves for the purpose of makingRead MoreA Brief Note On Tobacco Products Are Made Up Of Over Four Thousand Dangerous Chemicals1392 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of this research was to compare the knowledge, attitudes and practice methods among American and Chinese college students (Li,Torabi Yang, 2002). 2231 descriptive and inferential surveys were used to conduct this research. A total of 2138 college students were selected based on their classification, age, gender and if they were American or Chinese. The study had a total of 1535 Chinese students and 603 American students. 1534 Chinese and 597 American student questionnaires were kept forRead MoreChildcare Differences Between American And Chinese Culture Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesChildcare in China differs in many ways compared to American childcare. Generally speaking, this occurs from generations of cultural differences. What are the di fferences? The main focuses are on values, punishment, actions, and education. We can also compare childhood, adolescence, and maturity. These certain values help mold a culture and shows how a parent chooses to bring their children up in society. Childcare differences show us habits, morals, and the intentions of a child in these culturesRead MoreTheu.s. Obama And Donald Trump1339 Words   |  6 Pagesrestrictionists have been pleading to keep immigrants out of America and would be head over heels at the idea of â€Å"building a wall†. It is interesting to compare the clashing viewpoints of Americans throughout history to the debates between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump today. Daniel Tichenor’s Dividing Lines illustrates how throughout our history, Americans have remained ambivalent towards immigration. Since the 19th century, nativists and pro immigration reformers have gone head to head to fight overRead MoreThe New Wave Immigration Of Southern And Eastern Euro peans946 Words   |  4 Pagesof LSP 200 explore the history of the â€Å"old† wave immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans to the United States and compares the experiences of this group with the â€Å"new† wave immigration of non-European immigrants to the United States post 1965. One common phenomenon was clearly defined and explained the most important indicator of immigrant success in adapting to American culture, segmented assimilation. Kasinitz defines segmented assimilation as â€Å" various outcomes of the second generation based

Aging in America Essay 2 - 2784 Words

We all will one day face the reality of growing older. There are many aspects of this change that will affect us in a large way. According to the Merck Manual of Health and Aging, 1.5% of Americans are 85 or older. This research states that the number of people 100 years or older could rise from 1 out of 5,578 in the year 2000, to 1 out of 472 in the year 2050. It brings out that women have a longer life expectancy than men, among people aged 65 and older in the year 2000, there were 70 men for every 100 women. For people aged 85 and older the figure was 41 men for every 100 women. The site goes on to say that approximately 11% of Americans aged 65 and older are below the poverty line. (The Merck Manual of Health and Aging:†¦show more content†¦(http://www.nia.nih.gov/) Participation in physical activity has been shown to have many health benefits for older adults; this study does not provide strong support that it protects against cognitive decline. Reports have been made that physical activity may help guard against stroke and coronary heart disease, both of which may be associated with the development of dementia. Some studies were either limited in their scope or had short follow-up times. In all they find that for older adults, physical activity alone may not protect against cognitive decline. (By Charnicia E. Huggins: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/exerciseforseniors.html) 7,000 strokes occur in Americans every year. For Hispanics it is the third leading cause of death. This article emphasizes the importance of knowing the symptoms of the stroke to reduce the chances of its occurrences. Prevention tips include: stop smoking, eat a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and work to control high blood pressure and manage diabetes. (Strokes Affect Thousands of Hispanics Each Year - Learn To Recognize Symptoms: Brandon Alvarez Montgomery http://onlinecci.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=2281666CPURL=onlinecci.comSurvey=147=2500922ClientNodeID=122303coursenav=0bhcd2=1133475293 The next topic to address is the growing need for long-term care in the United States. Many Americans are faced with the dilemma that there are a limitedShow MoreRelatedLoneliness Is Not Always The Case905 Words   |  4 PagesAriel Tam Professor Weiss English 1A 10/2/15 Importance of Solitude Essay People fear being alone because being alone is often associated with loneliness. But, loneliness is not always the case. Loneliness is a negative state, marked by a sense of isolation. †¦ Solitude is the state of being alone without being lonely (Marano, https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200308/what-is-solitude). People experience solitude in different ways, whether it is through religion, meditation, or nature.Read MoreHow The Germans Influenced Modern Day Slavery Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pages Bruce R. Kokubun Mr. Black 7th Grade World Studies P.2 16 November 2016 How The Germans Influenced Modern Day Slavery Today I will be talking about how Germany influenced slavery, war, peoples’ perspective on immigrants, and many more things and how it affected modern day life. I think Germany greatly affected today partly because of Hitler. I think he greatly influenced the world because of his personality. I also think that the German army was very strong making them feared, powerful, andRead MoreAmerica s Political System Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica s Political System Fallow s (2010) How American Can Rise Again article is a compilation of the various perspective of America s ability to rise and fall (p. 1). But the bottom line is whether or not America s political system is broken or not, and how it will fare in the future. Fallow (2010) argues America has been though crises and has always managed to recover. He compares America s problems relative to other countries of the world, he describes how American has the upper handRead MoreEconomic and Social Issues of North America766 Words   |  3 PagesNorth America is one of the most affluent region in the world. It has the leading and most influential economy but the country itself also contains complicated social issues. This essay will discuss the economy and social issue of North America, including the two countries Canada and the United States. First, it has to be mentioned that North America has the most desirable resources abundance. Abundance of energy, metals, forest resources create the foundation for the economy to develop. But theRead MoreThe Latino s Impact On Society1003 Words   |  5 Pagesgeographical location and are expanding to remote locations. PART 1 1. The Presentation was to examine the past and future of Latino in United States by considering various factors such as- education, population growth, job opportunities, politics, etc. 2. The Presentation Topic- â€Å"Past and Future of Latinos in USA† was focussed on the socio-economic condition of Latinos over the decades. The main areas of research were education, population growth, politics and job opportunities along the time windowRead More Sailing to Byzantium Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pagesof passion and free for its joy, and it sings as the youth sings.† (211) The concept of eternity is found a place in Byzantium. Jhan Hochman describes the aging narrator, as one who is hoping his worlds will live on after him and wishes to find a rebirth the ancient holy city of Byzantium. The narrator is forced upon with the problem of aging and dying, which was not accepted in the way of life in his native land. He wishing he could be unageing and eternal. The only way out was rebirth, this cannotRead More`` Dad, Can I Please Get A Nose Job?1512 Words   |  7 Pagesmuch--love yourself! Hate yourself! --and the only way to counter all the pressure is to love yourself by hating yourself; go under the knife and refigure everything that s ‘wrong’ with you. Then maybe the mirror stops tormenting you†(Tandy). In her 2005 essay â€Å"The Pitfalls of Plastic Surgery,† Camille Paglia condemns the â€Å"routine† plastic surgery middle-aged women receive in order to fit society’s youthful mold. Even though she acknowledges the artfulness that can go into the cosmetic surgery, Paglia despisesRead MoreSwot Analysis Foxtel Introduction to Marketing1700 Words   |  7 Pagesthe case – Foxtel – from chapter 2 of the required text.As per the text book: â€Å"Use the information in this Spotlight and any other necessary research to develop a SWOT analysis for Foxtel† 2011 3/18/2011 The SWOT analysis is a method used by organisations as a marketing strategy to better understand and identify positive and negative factors effecting the business, in present and in the future   ( Elliott, Rundle-Thiele, Waller, 2010).   The purpose of this essay is to develop a SWOT analysis forRead MorePolitics And Its Impact On Hispanics941 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Essay PART 1 1. The presentation topic was to examine the impact of politics on Latino in United States by studying various factors such as- population, citizenship status, geographic location and age. 2. The presentation talked about one of the core issue, which is Politics in this case, that affected Latino in USA. A thorough research was conducted to understand the causes and effects of politics and how it moulded the growth of Latinos in this country. 3. The learning outcome wasRead MoreSuccessful Aging Through Participatory Arts Programming For Older Adults1922 Words   |  8 Pages80 is the new 40: Successful Aging through Participatory Arts Programming for Older Adults The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. People are living longer which means that the population of older adults, those sixty years and over, is growing. It is projected that by the year 2040, older adults will far outnumber school age children. Older adults are currently healthier and lead more productive lives than ever before, due in part to modern medicine and the new idea of

Castlebridge Free Essays

December 01, 2010 Case Study Analysis # 70 Castlebridge, a maker of high-quality outerwear, located in London is at a cross roads. Although its headquarters operates from London, most of its manufacturing has moved offshore. With the last domestic factory slated to close, the firm’s executives struggle to preserve the â€Å"Britishness† of the brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Castlebridge or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, the company has to reduce costs to remain profitable. It seems that moving production offshore is inevitable. The executives believe that Castlebridge should come clean about it.In a world where stakeholders matter more than ever, the firm can’t just outperform competitors. It has to go above and beyond to satisfy their constituents. Therefore, the CEO Mary Crane asserts that the plant closure is a logical step. Reputational risk is a concern as well as brand image. The majority of the customers who purchase Castlebridge items are wealthy. They pride themselves in wearing high class British fashions. The company fears that Asian manufacturing tags will diminish consumer confidence in quality and authenticity. The CEO wants to take the logical approach where the objective of any firm is to maximize profits.By not doing so, the firm will lose out to the competitors and will continue to face rising production costs in keeping up with consumer preferences. She holds Fergus Harold accountable for being overly nationalistic and even rather ignorant to the status of British clothing made in Malaysia and its effect on a Japanese consumer. Her unabashed perception indicates that backlash would be from local purchasers whose confidence may be undermined by the outsourcing of a classy British brand to a third world country. Furthermore, it is well pointed out that the CEO does not feel threatened by British media.Supposedly she sees that production line workers are of the lower working class whereas buyers of Castlebridge’s products of are of the wealthier class. Castlebridge simply cannot survive in their high cost market by maintaining its production lines within the UK. Labor cost is just too expensive. Trade unions have become cleverer with their protests and could potentially be a thorn in their side. The company needs to make a decision soon. The British public has been down this road before, as have foreign consumers of British products. I agree with the CEO that cost cutting measures need to be implemented.There is no need to maintain high production costs and place burden upon the shareholders of the company. If the British public has been down this path before then there should be no problem. If the firm shines light on its native roots and its international production, it could establish a winning reputation as a truly modern, global brand. However, the customers’ sentiment is very important. The brand image is highly regarded and maintaining the class, quality and authenticity is just as important as running the risk of a complete closure and a shutdown of business.Could Castlebridge hire foreign employees to work in the U. K? Could wages be scaled down to keep in line with profit margins? Maybe these alternatives should be considered. Otherwise, the real risk to the brand could be the potential loss of its high-class distinction and not its national identity. Before making a firm decision, all alternatives should be considered. As a member of the Board of Directors, Ferguson should have the conscientiousness to advise the company to rediscover and recommit to the core values that have made them so successful.Should the CEO go through with moving its production facilities offshore, he could recommend a trust-building people strategy, modeled by the CEO, which emphasizes forthright communication from management to the employees as well as the opinions of its customers. In doing so, the company will be compliant with its corporate culture and stakeholders. The last thing Castlebridge needs is to have its employees and customers reject the principles of this outerwear line. With that being said, the company can continue to enjoy the success it has had. How to cite Castlebridge, Papers

Relationship Between Mental Disorder and Crime free essay sample

I also understand that plagiarism is an academic offence and that disciplinary action will be taken for plagiarism. | Relationship between crime and mental disorder Mental disorders have been related to crime and are being depicted over the media as dangerous and unpredictable (Tartakovsky, 2012). Pullman (2010) did an analysis of 211 females and 212 males that were in medical care and also had criminal charges. The study aimed to find the relationship between mental health and the transition from adolescent to adulthood (16 – 25 yrs) which is the most common offense period. Their findings were that the odds of being charged for a violent crime was increase by five times for those with conduct disorder, more than five times for substance use disorder and nine times for those with developmental disorders. So it’s no wonder that researchers are interested to find out if this is true. A crime is only a crime when society’s law is broken. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Between Mental Disorder and Crime or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Of which Seigel (2008) describes it as â€Å"Crime is a violation of societal rules of behaviour as interpreted and expressed by the criminal law, which reflects public opinion, traditional values and the viewpoint of people currently holding social and political power. So knowing what a crime is, we have to know what classifies as a mental disorder. Kendell (2002) states that the World Health Organisation have avoided defining â€Å"diseases†, â€Å"illnesses† and â€Å"disorders† as it simply states ‘the term disorder is used throughout the classification, so as to avoid even greater problems inherent in the use of terms such as disease and illness, Disorder is not an exact term, but it is used here to imply the existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms or behaviour associated in most cases with distress and with interference with personal functions. Due to the existence of many mental disorders, this paper aims to find any and all relationships surrounding those suffering from schizophrenia. It will cover points such as how dangerous schizophrenic patients are as compared to general population, impulsivity in them, subgroups in schizophrenic patients in sexual or violent offense, influence of comorbidity, early versus late onset of schizophrenia, and finally victimization. To understand the relationship between schizophrenia and crime, we must first know how schizophrenia is a disorder. For the sake of this paper, there is only the need to explain the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, which are faulty sensory interpretations such as hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder. These are known as psychotic drives which will be discussed in the later sections. Level of risk Mullen et. al. (2000) had findings that support the notion that those with schizophrenia were more likely to offend. They also found that they were not as likely to sexually offend as compared to their other offences such as violence, property damage and drug related offences. Eriksson (2008) have also found similar results through various literature review where those with schizophrenia were twice to seven times more likely to offend violently. Impulsivity in Schizophrenic patients Enticott and colleagues (2008) have found that impulsivity have been known to be linked to violence. Their participants are from a secure psychiatric facility (n=18) and were compared to healthy participants (n=18) where there were more males then females in both groups. They were required to complete a self-report measure of impulsiveness. They found that those that are violent offenders have shown to have elevated overall and motor impulsivity (Enticott et. al. , 2008). However, there was no association found for impulsivity and violence. This is in conflict with previous studies where they found otherwise. (Logan, Schachar, amp; Tannock, 1997) Hallucination and delusions is not the only motivator in sexual assaults Smith (2000) proposed that mental illness symptoms only provide partial explanation for sexual assaults as most schizophrenic patients do not sexually assault violently. The specific hallucination or delusion that drives one to commit sexual acts was also absent in most of those that offended sexually. They focused on the male gender as most schizophrenic patients and sexual offenders are males. The MTC:R3 typology subdivides men who sexually offend into 9 different types of which the author used to categorised those with schizophrenia. MTC:R3 is based on those who do not have metal illnesses but does give some insight as to what drives those with psychotic drives(hallucinations and delusions). They found that those with psychotic drives were sexual and non-sadistic which according to MTC:R3 description says that they frequently expressed their feelings of frustrations and desperation about their sense of social isolation, low self-esteem and inability to approach women or form intimate relationships with them. They propose that it’s due to their pre-occupation with feelings of sexual arousal or fantasy, and a desire to have physical contact with women which is the prominent factor that leads to sexual offending. Another study by Stompe et. al. 2006) aimed to find out whether environmental factors play a part in the genesis of schizophrenia and violent behaviour. Their sample was 103 of healthy participants, 103 of healthy offenders, 103 of schizophrenic non-offenders and 103 schizophrenic offenders. They found that offenders (schizophrenic or non-schizophrenic) came from lower socio-economic classes. They also found that parents suffering from schizophrenia were alm ost exclusive to the schizophrenic cohorts. Families with members having schizophrenia are twice as likely to have schizophrenic offenders then schizophrenic non-offenders. They interpreted the results in 2 ways that 1) those with schizophrenic patients may have a higher genetic loading in which there is a more direct relationship between mental illness and violent/offending behaviour, or 2) that living with a parent with schizophrenia increases the chances of neglect and the exposure to criminogenic factors. Early versus late onset of schizophrenia Pederson et. al. (2010) did a study of 148 patients that were discharged where their medical files and criminal records were being compiled and reviewed. They found that early onset group had been more frequently criminal and more versatile in their crimes prior to hospital admission than their later onset peers. Early anti-social behaviour was one of the two main independent predictors of pre-admission violence. This group had spent more than twice as much time in prison compared with the late onset group, had a poorer education history and were more often diagnosed with substance abuse disorders, overall seeming to exhibit more deep-rooted problems. Comorbidity Grisso (2008) reviewed past research papers where he found out that there is a relationship between aggression and mental disorders. He found that there is an increased tendency toward anger, irritability, and hostility among youth with mood disorders. For example, youths with depression would be irritable and hostile as compared to adults who become sad and withdrawn. Co-morbidity of conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder has been identified as increasing the likelihood of chronic and repeated offending during adolescence. About two-thirds of those in juvenile prison have 2 or more mental disorders. The combination of depression or anxiety disorder with substance use disorder will increase the chances of serious and violent offending which is far more predictive than substance use alone. This brings the question whether does comorbidity also play a role in those with schizophrenia? A study by Silver et. al (2011) found that those diagnosed with a major mental disorder plus a substance abuse disorder, and those with a higher level of functioning and psychopathy, were more likely to offend violently. Walsh, Buchanan and Fahy (2002) also found that comorbidity increases the probability of committing violent acts such as comorbid substance abuse and acute psychotic symptoms. Also having a mix of male gender, young age and lower socio-economic class would make the risk of violence modest as compared to having only schizophrenia. They further add that substance abuse merely increases the risk of violence and thus the risk from substance abuse seems to be additive. So it’s too quick to say that it is due to schizophrenia that causes one to be at risk of offending. Subgroups of schizophrenia patients who offend Drake amp; Pathe (2004) wrote a research review paper where they try to describe precisely the possible mechanism that may drive offensive sexual behaviour in schizophrenia patients. They reviewed the roles of early childhood experiences, deviant sexual preferences, antisocial personality traits, psychiatric symptomatology and associated treatment effects, the impact of mental illness on sexual and social functioning, and other potential contributory factors. They proposed that schizophrenic patients who engage in sexually offensive activities fall into four broad groups: (1) those with a pre-existing paraphilia; (2) those whose deviant sexuality arises in the context of illness and/or its treatment; (3) those whose deviant sexuality is one manifestation of more generalized antisocial behaviour, and (4) factors other than the above. Greenall amp; Jellicoe-Jones (2007) did a study of 11 men who fit into 3 criteria: Firstly, all had been convicted of a sexual offence or had engaged in antisocial sexual conduct that placed others at risk. Secondly, all were suffering from a mental disorder as per the Mental Health Act 1983. Thirdly, all had received treatment from Lancashire Care’s forensic psychiatric service during 1998 – 2002 inclusive. They used thematic analysis on the group of 11 men and found out that there are 4 sub-groups within the groups. First group was the â€Å"anger/violence† group where they offended with angry and violent intents that were brought on by their psychosis. The second group are the â€Å"psychotic drive† group where they are driven by their positive symptoms of psychosis to offend (i. . hallucinations and disorganized thoughts). The third group is called â€Å"sexual disinhibition† where they are not able to control their sexual urges and are not led by their psychosis. The fourth and final group is called â€Å"Paedophilia† where they would do indecent assaults that are primarily motivated by sexual attraction towards children. With the above two studies, it’s clear that there might be further reasons why schizophrenic patients are more likely to sexually offend as the two studies are almost parallel in their results and grouping. This could bring the need to further divide those who commit offences within those with schizophrenia instead of generalising it as those with schizophrenia per se. As there are other interlinking factors that could have led those with schizophrenia to offend and more so when they have a mental disorder. Victimization Even with the media portraying those with mental disorders as the bad guys, there are studies that show that they are actually more likely to be victimised than to offend (Tartakovsky 2012). The experience of violent victimization was common in the sample of individuals with psychosis living in the community in urban UK settings; 23% reported being the victim of at least one violent act over 2 years. Prospectively, the following factors were found to increase later risk of victimization – having had previous experience of victimization, having inadequate contact with family members, having become ill at an early age and having a co-morbid Cluster B personality disorder. The risk factors identified were independent of the individuals own history of violence. No information was available about the frequency, location or severity of victimization experiences, nor did we have information about early life adversity. The sample was drawn from urban UK centres and may not be generalizable to other settings; we lacked a control group. The main outcome measure was based entirely on self-report which may well be prone to biases. (Dean et. al. , 2007) Silver et. al. (2011) found that those who have mental disorders are more likely to be involved in bad social situations. Such as those with personality or adjustment disorder with substance abuse disorder were more likely be violently victimized. They theorised that according to the general strain theory, that being exposed to negative stimuli, including negative feelings such as anger, may lead to violence. Such as those with mental disorders (particularly involving hallucinations and delusions) are likely to introduce negative stimuli into an environment and may invoke aggression either actor in the course of interaction. Conclusion Even though schizophrenia does have a significant association with violence, it is noted that they only make up less than 10% of societal violence (Walsh, Buchanan amp; Fahy, 2002). There are findings that show that they do have an increased risk for offending. However, there are many interplaying factors such as socioeconomic status, genetics, family environment, pre- onset disorders such as paedophilia, comorbid with substance abuse disorders/ anti-social disorder/ conduct disorders. There could be a need to further divide schizophrenic offenders in order to make an effective treatment plan. Also, there could also be a need to focus the treatment around the motivator of the offense rather than the mental disorder.